The AIS transponder is an onboard system operating in the VHF marine band, capable to transmit ship’s information such as ID, position, course, direction, origin, vessel type, draft, freight (especially if dangerous), etc.

The collection of cinematic data of the vessel is mainly based on the navigation control by satellite global positioning systems (e.g. GPS / DGPS), suitable both in narrow waterways and in open sea.
This technology allows the automatic position dispatch of the position and of the other information relevant to the vessel in a reliable way and with affordable costs, joining a GPS receiver unit and a VHF radio transceiver operating within the band assigned to AIS systems and compliant with the ITU-RM.1371 recommendation.
These devices are both included in the AIS transponder which, with reference to Fig. 1, fully performs the function of data collection through GPS, communication through VHF radio and data distribution to the external presentation units, both local and remote.

The system can forward up to 2000 reports per minute and update them every 2 seconds, and exploits the “Self-Organizing Time Division Multiple Access” (SOTDMA) technology to allow high data exchange rate and ensure ship-to-ship operation.

The system is also compatible with the “Digital Selective Calling Systems”, thus allowing to the land based GMDSS (Global Maritime Distress and Safety System) to establish in a cheap way the operation of the AIS channel and to identify and track the vessels equipped with the transponder.

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